命令(しろ)/禁止(〜な)
JLPT N3
Pattern
- 動詞I形 + 命令形(〜え/〜ろ)
- 動詞IIます形 + ろ
- する → しろ
- 来る → 来い
- 動辞書形 + な(禁止)
Explanation
Strong imperative and prohibitive expressions. The imperative form is often used by men in situations requiring strong commands, such as at sporting events or when giving direct orders. The prohibitive form (〜な) tells someone not to do something.
Usage
Can be used for direct orders, motivational shouts, or instructions written on signs and posters. The imperative form is rarely used in polite conversation unless in a very specific context.
Formation
For Group I verbs: change the final -u to -e (or -ro for some verbs). For Group II verbs: add -ro to the stem. Irregular verbs: する → しろ, 来る → 来い. For prohibitive, attach な directly to the dictionary form.
Examples
試合中、監督が『走れ!』と叫んだ。
しあいちゅう、かんとくが『はしれ!』とさけんだ。During the match, the coach shouted, 'Run!'
入口で靴を脱げと指示された。
いりぐちでくつをぬげとしじされた。I was instructed to take off my shoes at the entrance.
この公園で花を摘むなと書かれている。
このこうえんではなをつむなとかかれている。It is written, 'Do not pick flowers in this park.'