JLPT N3 Grammar Point: 〜べきだ・〜べき／〜べきではない
This JLPT N3 grammar point explains how to use 〜べきだ・〜べき／〜べきではない correctly, with formation rules and example sentences.
Pattern
- 動辞書形 + べきだ
- 動辞書形 + べきではない
- 動辞書形 + べき + 名
Explanation
Used to express the speaker's strong opinion that something should or should not be done. It is based on personal judgment rather than established rules. In the past tense, it can also express regret or criticism for not having done something.
Usage
Indicates what is considered the right or appropriate action in a given situation, according to the speaker's perspective. 'べきではない' indicates that something should not be done.
Formation
Attach べきだ or べきではない to the dictionary form of the verb. For nouns, attach べき directly.
Examples
約束を守るべきだ。
やくそくをまもるべきだ。You should keep your promise.
そんな危険な場所へは行くべきではない。
そんなきけんなばしょへはいくべきではない。You should not go to such a dangerous place.
もっと早く行動を起こすべきだった。
もっとはやくこうどうをおこすべきだった。I should have taken action earlier.